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In surveying, tape correction(s) refer(s) ... s is the slope distance measured between two points on the slope line, h is the height of the slope. ...
Measurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated infrared carrier signal, generated by a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's optical path, and reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey. The modulation pattern in the returning signal is read and interpreted by the computer in the total station.
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, ... James Watt developed an optical meter for the measuring of distance in 1771; ... When measuring up a slope, the ...
Slope may still be expressed when the horizontal run is not known: the rise can be divided by the hypotenuse (the slope length). This is not the usual way to specify slope; this nonstandard expression follows the sine function rather than the tangent function, so it calls a 45 degree slope a 71 percent grade instead of a 100 percent. But in ...
In topographic surveying, to determine slope to horizontal distance calculation, contour tracing and relative heights. [9] In forestry, for tree height measurement. [10] In mining and mine safety inspection, to measure the grades of haulage roads. [11] In geology, in measurements of rock outcrops and fault scarps. [12] [13] [14]
Surveying equipment, such as levels and theodolites, are used for accurate measurement of angular deviation, horizontal, vertical and slope distances. With computerisation, electronic distance measurement (EDM) , total stations , GNSS surveying and laser scanning have supplemented (and to a large extent supplanted) the traditional optical ...
In surveying, reduced level (RL) refers to equating elevations of survey points with reference to a common assumed vertical datum.It is a vertical distance between survey point and adopted datum surface. [1]
A direct-readout theodolite, manufactured in the Soviet Union in 1958 and used for topographic surveying. A theodolite (/ θ i ˈ ɒ d ə ˌ l aɪ t /) [1] is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes.