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The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s (1,125 ft/s; 1,235 km/h; 767 mph; 667 kn), or 1 km in 2.91 s or one mile in 4.69 s.
In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity.It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate α given by = where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, ω is the sound's angular frequency, ρ is the fluid ...
Attenuation. In physics, attenuation (in some contexts, extinction) is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. For instance, dark glasses attenuate sunlight, lead attenuates X-rays, and water and air attenuate both light and sound at variable attenuation rates. Hearing protectors help reduce acoustic flux from flowing into the ears ...
A sound speed profile shows the speed of sound in water at different vertical levels. It has two general representations: tabular form, with pairs of columns corresponding to ocean depth and the speed of sound at that depth, respectively. a plot of the speed of sound in the ocean as a function of depth, where the vertical axis corresponds to ...
ion speed of sound, the speed of the longitudinal waves resulting from the mass of the ions and the pressure of the electrons: = () , where is the adiabatic index Alfvén velocity , the speed of the waves resulting from the mass of the ions and the restoring force of the magnetic field:
Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting from an acoustic pressure applied to the system. The SI unit of acoustic impedance is the pascal-second per cubic metre (symbol Pa·s/m 3), or in the MKS system the rayl per square metre (Rayl/m 2), while that ...
Acoustic attenuation. In acoustics, acoustic attenuation is a measure of the energy loss of sound propagation through an acoustic transmission medium. Most media have viscosity and are therefore not ideal media. When sound propagates in such media, there is always thermal consumption of energy caused by viscosity.
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. [1] A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes through a given medium ...