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Oxygen saturation (medicine) Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen -saturated haemoglobin relative to total haemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 96–100 percent. [1]
The limiting oxygen concentration is shown in the lower right of the diagram. The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), [1] also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), [2] is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel.
Arterial oxygen partial pressure (P a O 2) 10–13 kPa 75–100 mmHg [13] A low PaO 2 indicates abnormal oxygenation of blood and a person is known as having hypoxemia. (Note that a low PaO 2 is not required for the person to have hypoxia as in cases of Ischemia, a lack of oxygen in tissues
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring blood oxygen saturation. Peripheral oxygen saturation (Sp O2) readings are typically within 2% accuracy (within 4% accuracy in 95% of cases) of the more accurate (and invasive) reading of arterial oxygen saturation (Sa O2) from arterial blood gas analysis. [1]
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidised in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to produce large amounts of energy and drive the bulk production of ATP. Anaerobic respiration is used by microorganisms, either bacteria or archaea, in which neither oxygen (aerobic respiration) nor ...
Within aerobic respiration, the P/O ratio continues to be debated; however, current figures place it at 2.5 ATP per 1/2(O 2) reduced to water, though some claim the ratio is 3. [5] This figure arises from accepting that 10 H + are transported out of the matrix per 2 e − , and 4 H + are required to move inward to synthesize a molecule of ATP.
[citation needed] Above 19,000 m (62,000 ft), known as the Armstrong limit, exposed fluids in the throat and lungs will boil away at normal body temperature, and pressure suits are needed. Generally, 100% oxygen is used to maintain an equivalent altitude of 3,000 m (10,000 ft). The death zone altitude is 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) or above.
In medicine, oxygen saturation refers to oxygenation, or when oxygen molecules (O. 2) enter the tissues of the body. In this case blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air into the blood. Oxygen saturation ( (O. 2) sats) measures the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen.