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  2. Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_precision_in...

    Excel graph of the difference between two evaluations of the smallest root of a quadratic: direct evaluation using the quadratic formula (accurate at smaller b) and an approximation for widely spaced roots (accurate for larger b). The difference reaches a minimum at the large dots, and round-off causes squiggles in the curves beyond this minimum.

  3. Selection algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_algorithm

    As a baseline algorithm, selection of the th smallest value in a collection of values can be performed by the following two steps: . Sort the collection; If the output of the sorting algorithm is an array, retrieve its th element; otherwise, scan the sorted sequence to find the th element.

  4. Sorting algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm

    Related problems include approximate sorting (sorting a sequence to within a certain amount of the correct order), partial sorting (sorting only the k smallest elements of a list, or finding the k smallest elements, but unordered) and selection (computing the kth smallest element). These can be solved inefficiently by a total sort, but more ...

  5. Selection sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort

    A bidirectional variant of selection sort (called double selection sort or sometimes cocktail sort due to its similarity to cocktail shaker sort) finds both the minimum and maximum values in the list in every pass. This requires three comparisons per two items (a pair of elements is compared, then the greater is compared to the maximum and the ...

  6. Order statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_statistic

    The problem of computing the kth smallest (or largest) element of a list is called the selection problem and is solved by a selection algorithm. Although this problem is difficult for very large lists, sophisticated selection algorithms have been created that can solve this problem in time proportional to the number of elements in the list ...

  7. Sorting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting

    Such a component or property is called a sort key. For example, the items are books, the sort key is the title, subject or author, and the order is alphabetical. A new sort key can be created from two or more sort keys by lexicographical order. The first is then called the primary sort key, the second the secondary sort key, etc.

  8. Ranking (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking_(statistics)

    Microsoft Excel provides two ranking functions, the Rank.EQ function which assigns competition ranks ("1224") and the Rank.AVG function which assigns fractional ranks ("1 2.5 2.5 4"). The functions have the order argument, [1] which is by default is set to descending, i.e. the largest number will have a rank 1. This is generally uncommon for ...

  9. Comparison sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort

    Sorting a set of unlabelled weights by weight using only a balance scale requires a comparison sort algorithm. A comparison sort is a type of sorting algorithm that only reads the list elements through a single abstract comparison operation (often a "less than or equal to" operator or a three-way comparison) that determines which of two elements should occur first in the final sorted list.