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Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, [a] is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey.It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Turkish Straits to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north.
Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony Map 2: Anatolian peoples in 2nd millennium BC; Blue: Luwians, Yellow: Hittites, Red: Palaics. Map 3: Late Bronze Age regions of Anatolia / Asia Minor (circa 1200 BC) with main settlements. Map 4: Anatolia / Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period.
The Anatolia peninsula historically never encompassed what is now called "Eastern Anatolia" which was, instead, referred to as the Armenian highlands. It was renamed by the newly founded Turkish Republic in the 1920s. [2] This has been seen as an attempt by Turkey to erase the Armenian history of the region. [3] [4]
Anatolia/Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period. The classical regions and their main settlements (circa 200 BC). Aeolis (named after the Aeolian Greeks that colonized the region) Lesbos; Armenia Minor (Armenia west of the Euphrates river, geographically in Anatolia) (roughly corresponding to ancient Azzi-Hayasa or Hayasa-Azzi) Aeretice / Æretice
Map of Western Anatolia showing the "Seven Churches of Asia" and the Greek island of Patmos. As one of the principal cities of Roman Asia, [11] Smyrna vied with Ephesus and Pergamum for the title "First City of Asia." A Christian church and a bishopric existed there from earliest times, probably originating in the considerable Jewish colony.
Anatolia was heavily Hellenized following the conquests of Alexander the Great, as well as the previous Greek colonisation, and the native languages of the area ceased to be spoken as a result of assimilation in the subsequent centuries, making Anatolian the first well-attested branch of Indo-European to become extinct.
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The Southeastern Anatolia region (Turkish: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey. The most populous city in the region is Gaziantep . Other big cities are Şanlıurfa , Diyarbakır , Mardin and Adıyaman .