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  2. Subjective constancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_constancy

    Subjective constancy or perceptual constancy is the perception of an object or quality as constant even though our sensation of the object changes. [1] While the physical characteristics of an object may not change, in an attempt to deal with the external world, the human perceptual system has mechanisms that adjust to the stimulus.

  3. Emmert's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmert's_law

    Emmert's law has been used to investigate the moon illusion (the apparent enlargement of the moon or sun near the horizon compared with higher in the sky). [7] [8] A neuroimaging study that examined brain activation when participants viewed afterimages on surfaces placed at different distances found evidence supporting Emmert's Law and thus size constancy played out in primary visual cortex ...

  4. Shepard tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard_tables

    The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences explains the illusion as an effect of "size and shape constancy [which] subjectively expand[s] the near-far dimension along the line of sight." [4] It classifies Shepard tables as an example of a geometrical illusion, in the category of an "illusion of size." [4]

  5. Müller-Lyer illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Müller-Lyer_illusion

    In the Müller-Lyer illusion, the visual system would in this explanation detect the depth cues, which are usually associated with 3D scenes, and incorrectly decide it is a 3D drawing. Then the size constancy mechanism would make us see an erroneous length of the object which, for a true perspective drawing, would be farther away.

  6. Optical illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion

    Perceptual constancies are sources of illusions. Color constancy and brightness constancy are responsible for the fact that a familiar object will appear the same color regardless of the amount of light or color of light reflecting from it. An illusion of color difference or luminosity difference can be created when the luminosity or color of ...

  7. Moon illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_illusion

    Photographs of the Moon at different elevations also show that its size remains the same. A simple way of demonstrating that the effect is an illusion is to hold a small pebble (say, 0.33 inches or 8.4 millimetres wide) at arm's length (25 inches or 64 centimetres) with one eye closed, positioning the pebble so that it covers (eclipses) the ...

  8. Geometrical-optical illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical-optical_illusions

    Before invoking concepts of apparent distance and size constancy, it helps to be sure that the retinal image hasn't changed much when the moon looks larger as it descends to the horizon. Once the signals from the retina enter the visual cortex, a host of local interactions are known to take place.

  9. List of optical illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optical_illusions

    Colour constancy is an example of subjective constancy and a feature of the human color perception system which ensures that the perceived color of objects remains relatively constant under varying illumination conditions. A green apple for instance looks green to us at midday, when the main illumination is white sunlight, and also at sunset ...