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A Mandailing script, pre-1800s. Mandailing Batak or Mandailing is an Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, the northern island of Indonesia.It is spoken mainly in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Padang Lawas Regency, Padang Lawas Regency, and eastern parts of Labuhan Batu Regency, North Labuhan Batu Regency, South Labuhan Batu Regency and northwestern parts of Riau Province.
Toba Batak (/ ˈ t oʊ b ə ˈ b æ t ə k / [2]) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called Batak . There are approximately 1,610,000 Toba Batak speakers, living to the east, west and south of Lake Toba .
Proto-Batak *k became h in initial and medial position in the Southern Batak languages: Proto-Batak *kalak > Toba, Simalungun halak; Karo kalak 'person' Proto-Batak *dukut > Toba, Simalungun duhut; Karo dukut 'grass' Proto-Batak *h was lost in Toba, Angkola and Mandailing: Proto-Batak *pərəh > Toba poro, Simalungun poroh, Karo pereh /pərəh ...
Pakpak, or Batak Dairi, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken in Dairi Regency , Pakpak Bharat Regency , Parlilitan district in Humbang Hasundutan Regency , Manduamas district in Central Tapanuli Regency , Subulussalam City , and Aceh Singkil Regency .
The Sundanese (Indonesian: Orang Sunda; Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Urang Sunda) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to western region of Java island in Indonesia, primarily West Java. They number approximately 42 million and form Indonesia's second most populous ethnic group.
Old Sundanese (Sundanese script: ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮥᮠᮥᮔ᮪, Old Sundanese script: , Buda script: , Roman script: Basa Sunda Buhun) is the earliest recorded stage of the Sundanese language which is spoken in the western part of Java, Indonesia.
Horas (Toba Batak: ᯂᯬᯒᯘ᯲) is the Batak word to express gratefulness, happiness, and healthiness, however it is more commonly used as a simple greeting and goodbye. It is the equivalent to "hello" or "goodbye". [1] This word can be found in every Batak languages, with a few exceptions being; Batak Dairi and Batak Karo.
Karo, referred to in Indonesia as Bahasa Karo (Karo language), is an Austronesian language that is spoken by the Karo people of Indonesia. It is used by around 600,000 people in North Sumatra . It is mainly spoken in Karo Regency , southern parts of Deli Serdang Regency and northern parts of Dairi Regency , North Sumatra , Indonesia .