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Intravitreal injection is the method of administration of drugs into the eye by injection with a fine needle. The medication will be directly applied into the vitreous humor . [ 1 ] It is used to treat various eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) , diabetic retinopathy , and infections inside the eye such as ...
Intravitreal injections are already commonly used for administering drugs like anti-VEGF agents, making the procedure familiar to clinicians and safer for patients. The eye's immune-privileged status reduces the likelihood of immune responses to the viral vector, increasing the therapy's safety profile.
"Intravitreal" literally means "inside an eye". Intravitreal injections were first introduced in 1911 when Ohm gave an injection of air into the vitreous humor to repair a detached retina. In the mid-1940s, intravitreal injections became a standard way to administer drugs to treat endophthalmitis and cytomegalovirus retinitis. [1]
Also intravitreal injections, an injection of medicine into the vitreous near the retina, of foscarnet in concomitance with oral valganciclovir can be used for treatment as well. [ 15 ] [ 2 ] [ 16 ] Often individuals with CMV retinitis will need surgery for either retinal detachment or intravitreal instillation of ganciclovir.
Phenytoin/pentobarbital (trade name Beuthanasia-D Special) is an animal drug product used for euthanasia, which contains a mixture of phenytoin and pentobarbital. [1] It is administered as an intravenous injection to give animals a quick and humane death.
Intravitreal injections are a rare cause, with an incidence rate usually less than 0.05%. Endophthalmitis requires immediate medical attention to ensure the condition is diagnosed as soon as possible and treatment is started in order to reduce the risk of the person losing vision in the eye. [ 2 ]
It is given by intravitreal injection (injection into the eye) by an ophthalmologist. [1] Faricimab was developed by Roche in Penzberg (Roche Innovation Center Munich). [10] Faricimab was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2022, [8] [11] and in the European Union in September 2022. [7]
The laws as to who may acquire and give vaccines varies in different countries. Some may only be acquired and given by a licensed veterinarian, others by owners or caretakers. The vaccine delivery method/route may vary. They may be given by injection, dermal application, or nasal/ocular application.