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Anderson's theory of faulting, devised by Ernest Masson Anderson in 1905, is a way of classifying geological faults by use of principal stress. [1] [2] A fault is a fracture in the surface of the Earth that occurs when rocks break under extreme stress. [3] Movement of rock along the fracture occurs in faults.
A detachment fault is a gently dipping normal fault associated with large-scale extensional tectonics. [1] Detachment faults often have very large displacements (tens of km) and juxtapose unmetamorphosed hanging walls against medium to high-grade metamorphic footwalls that are called metamorphic core complexes .
Nearly all faults have some component of both dip-slip and strike-slip; hence, defining a fault as oblique requires both dip and strike components to be measurable and significant. Some oblique faults occur within transtensional and transpressional regimes, and others occur where the direction of extension or shortening changes during the ...
For example, in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, the moment tensor solution gives two nodal planes, one dipping northeast at 6 degrees and one dipping southwest at 84 degrees. In this case, the earthquake can be confidently associated with the plane dipping shallowly to the northeast, as this is the orientation of the subducting slab as ...
In IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 13, Num. 6 (1991), pages 583–598. L. Najman and M. Schmitt. Geodesic saliency of watershed contours and hierarchical segmentation. In IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 18, Num. 12 (1996), pages 1163–1173. J.B.T.M. Roerdink and A. Meijster.
In mathematics, Anderson's theorem is a result in real analysis and geometry which says that the integral of an integrable, symmetric, unimodal, non-negative function f over an n-dimensional convex body K does not decrease if K is translated inwards towards the origin.
Anderson's theory is deemed insufficient in explaining differences in state development and fails to incorporate dynamic, change-oriented perspectives. Also, Timberger highlights Anderson's lack of a coherent theory linking the state to social change, particularly in his analysis of feudalism and capitalism's emergence in Europe.
A 2021 analysis of sub-glacial sediment at the bottom of a 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) Greenland ice core finds that the Greenland ice sheet melted away at least once during the last million years, and therefore strongly suggests that its tipping point is below the 2.5 °C (4.5 °F) maximum temperature increase over the preindustrial conditions ...