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The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. In males, it is found between the bulb of the penis and the anus ; in females, it is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm (0.49 in) in front ...
The combining forms reflect the rectum (recto-, -rectal) and uterus (utero-, -uterine). In Obstetrics and gynaecology, it is commonly referred to as the pouch of Douglas or the posterior cul-de-sac. [7] The Douglas fold (rectouterine plica), Douglas line, and Douglas septum are likewise named after the same James Douglas.
The superficial perineal pouch is an open compartment, due to the fact that anteriorly, the space communicates freely with the potential space lying between the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior abdominal muscles:
Anal sac infection results in pain, swelling, and sometimes abscessation and fever. Initial treatment usually involves the manual expression of the anal sacs, most often by a veterinary professional. The frequency of this procedure depends on the patient's individual degree of discomfort but can range from weekly to every few months. [ 15 ]
Older texts have asserted the existence of a "urogenital diaphragm", which was described as a layer of the pelvis that separates the deep perineal sac from the upper pelvis. The deep perineal pouch lies between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm and superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
The perineal membrane is an anatomical term for a fibrous membrane in the perineum. The term "inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm", used in older texts, is considered equivalent to the perineal membrane. It is the superior border of the superficial perineal pouch, and the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch.
Perineal protection is an obstetric measure to prevent the perineal tissue from tearing (perineal tear) during the birth of the baby's head or to keep the extent of the injury as small as possible. The midwife (or obstetrician) supports the perineal tissue with one hand as soon as the head stretches.
A cul-de-sac hernia (also termed a peritoneocele) is a herniation of peritoneal folds into the rectovaginal septum (in females), [2] or the rectovesical septum (in males). The herniated structure is the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) in females, [ 2 ] or the rectovesical pouch in males.