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When the dosage is equal to 1/A, S = 0.37 (or e^-1). For this reason, D0 is often called the mean lethal dose, the dose that creates one lethal event per target on average. Curved cell survival curves (cells exposed to low-LET radiation) show two distinct regions: low dose regions and high dose regions.
Kilovoltage beams do not exhibit a build-up effect and thus deposit their maximum dose at the surface, i.e. d max = 0 or D 0 = 100%. Conversely, megavoltage beams do exhibit the buildup effect deposit; they deposit their maximum dose at some depth below the surface, i.e. d max > 0. The depth of dose maximum is governed by the range of the ...
The increase is dose dependent, related to the RT's dose strength, volume and location. Use of concomitant chemotherapy, e.g. anthracyclines, is an aggravating risk factor. [34] The occurrence rate of RT induced cardiovascular disease is estimated between 10 and 30%. [34]
Gel dosimeters, also called Fricke gel dosimeters, are manufactured from radiation sensitive chemicals that, upon irradiation with ionising radiation, undergo a fundamental change in their properties as a function of the absorbed radiation dose. Over many years individuals have endeavoured to measure absorbed radiation dose distributions using ...
It is often indicated in micrograys per hour (μGy/h) [1] or as an equivalent dose rate Ḣ T in rems per hour (rem/hr) or sieverts per hour (Sv/h). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Dose and dose rate are used to measure different quantities [ 1 ] in the same way that distance and speed are used to measure different quantities.
These are worn as badges but can give an indication of instantaneous dose rate and an audible and visual alarm if a dose rate or a total integrated dose is exceeded. A good deal of information can be made immediately available to the wearer of the recorded dose and current dose rate via a local display.
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Committed equivalent dose, H T (t) is the time integral of the equivalent dose rate in a particular tissue or organ that will be received by an individual following intake of radioactive material into the body by a Reference Person, where s is the integration time in years. [13]