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The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971. Sold for US$60 (equivalent to $450 in 2023 [ 2 ] ), it was the first commercially produced microprocessor , [ 3 ] and the first in a long line of Intel CPUs .
Both Intel (with the 2102) [15] and IBM [12] introduced 1 kbit memory chips. As the electron mobility in the n-type channel of NMOS MOSFETs is about three times that of the hole mobility in the p-type channel of PMOS MOSFETS, NMOS logic allows for an increased switching speed. For this reason NMOS logic quickly began to replace PMOS logic.
Shima went to Intel in June 1969 to present the proposal. Due to Intel lacking logic engineers to understand the logic schematics or circuit engineers to convert them, Intel asked Shima to simplify the logic. [6] [3] Intel wanted a one-chip CPU design, [3] influenced by Sharp's Tadashi Sasaki who had presented the concept to Intel in 1968. [7 ...
Intel's 4004 of 1971 is widely regarded as the first commercial microprocessor. [2] Designers predominantly used MOSFET transistors with pMOS logic in the early 1970s
The HP Saturn processors, used in many Hewlett-Packard calculators between 1984 and 2003 (including the HP 48 series of scientific calculators) are "4-bit" (or hybrid 64-/4-bit) machines; as the Intel 4004 did, they string multiple 4-bit words together, e.g. to form a 20-bit memory address, and most of the registers are 64 bits wide, storing 16 ...
The 4004 was designed for Busicom, which had earlier proposed a multi-chip design in 1969, before Faggin's team at Intel changed it into a new single-chip design. The 4-bit Intel 4004 was soon followed by the 8-bit Intel 8008 in 1972.
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The Intel 4040 ("forty-forty") is the second 4-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. Introduced in 1974 as a successor to the Intel 4004 , the 4040 was produced with a 10 μm process and includes silicon gate enhancement-load PMOS logic technology.