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Neither film was approved for an MPAA rating, limiting their commercial distribution and prompting criticism of the rating system's lack of a designation for such films. [38] [39] In September 1990, the MPAA introduced the rating NC-17 ("No Children Under 17 Admitted"). [40]
Most countries have some form of rating system that issues determinations variously known as certifications, classifications, certificates, or ratings. Age recommendations, of either an advisory or restrictive capacity, are often applied in lieu of censorship ; in some jurisdictions movie theaters may have a legal obligation to enforce ...
Motion Picture Association of America (1945–2019) The Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is an American trade association representing the five major film studios of the United States , the mini-major Amazon MGM Studios , as well as the video streaming services Netflix and Amazon Prime Video .
Rated NC-17 for strong, graphic sexuality; kept rating after the MPAA upheld an appeal to overturn it. [46] In the Cold of the Night: 1990 Rated NC-17 in 1990. Edited version rated R in 1990. [47] In the Realm of the Senses (Ai no Korīda) 1976 Rated X in 1976, changed rating symbol in 1991. Rating symbol changed from X. [48] Inserts: 1975
The following is a list of R-rated animated films that have surpassed $1 million at the box office; TV-MA-rated, the television equivalent of the Motion Picture Association R-rating, is also included on the list.
The MPAA reluctantly granted the seal of approval for these films, although not until certain changes were made. [75] [76] Owing to its themes, Billy Wilder's Some Like It Hot (1959) was not granted a certificate of approval, but still became a box office smash, and as a result, it further weakened the authority of the Code. [77]
Steven Fabrizio, the former senior executive vice president and global general counsel for the Motion Picture Assn. of America, has been disbarred in New York.
When the MPAA film rating system began in North America on November 1, 1968, the X rating was given to a film by the Motion Picture Association of America (now the Motion Picture Association) if submitted to it, or due to its non-trademarked status, it could be self-applied to a film by a distributor that knew beforehand that its film contained ...