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Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.
Lipids are a class of relatively water-insoluble organic molecules, which are the "basic" components of biological membranes. There are three forms of lipids: phospholipids , steroids , and triglycerides .
CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH C8:0 Pelargonic acid: Nonanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 7 COOH C9:0 Capric acid: Decanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 8 COOH C10:0 Undecylic acid: Undecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 9 COOH C11:0 Lauric acid: Dodecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 10 COOH C12:0 Tridecylic acid: Tridecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 11 COOH C13:0 Myristic acid: Tetradecanoic acid CH 3 (CH ...
Thus, for example, the 20-carbon arachidonic acid is Δ 5,8,11,14, meaning that it has double bonds between carbons 5 and 6, 8 and 9, 11 and 12, and 14 and 15. In the context of human diet and fat metabolism, unsaturated fatty acids are often classified by the position of the double bond closest between to the ω carbon (only), even in the case ...
These lipids belong to a heterogeneous class of predominantly nonpolar compounds, mostly insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform and benzene. [ 1 ] "Simple lipid" can refer to many different types of lipid depending on the classification system used, but the most basic definitions usually classify simple ...
Membrane lipids are a group of compounds (structurally similar to fats and oils) which form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Lipids are amphiphilic: they have one end that is soluble in water ('polar') and an ending that is soluble in fat ...
Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid.C 3 H 5 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72–74 °C, boiling point 180–181 °C, specific gravity 1.027.
Examples of various lipid species. Lipidomics is the large-scale study of pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems. [1] [2] [3] The word "lipidome" is used to describe the complete lipid profile within a cell, tissue, organism, or ecosystem and is a subset of the "metabolome" which also includes other major classes of biological molecules (such as amino acids, sugars ...