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  2. Anticoagulant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant

    Unfractionated heparin is usually derived from pig intestines and bovine lungs. [84] UFH binds to the enzyme inhibitor antithrombin III (AT), causing a conformational change that results in its activation. [85] The activated AT then inactivates factor Xa, thrombin, and other coagulation factors. [86] Heparin can be used in vivo (by injection ...

  3. Direct factor Xa inhibitors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_factor_Xa_inhibitors

    The monitoring of warfarin and keeping the international normalized ratio (INR) between 2.0 and 3.0, along with avoiding over and under treatment, has driven a search for an alternative. [3] [14] A naturally occurring inhibitor of factor Xa was reported in 1971 by Spellman et al. from the dog hookworm. [15]

  4. Heparin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin

    Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. [3] [4] Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. [5] It is used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. [3] It can be given intravenously or by injection under the skin. [3]

  5. Low-molecular-weight heparin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-molecular-weight_heparin

    Apart from using unfractionated heparin instead, it may be possible to reduce the dose and/or monitor the anti-Xa activity to guide treatment. [3] The most common side effects include bleeding, which could be severe or even fatal, allergic reactions, injection site reactions, and increases in liver enzyme tests, usually without symptoms. [13]

  6. Dalteparin sodium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalteparin_sodium

    Dalteparin is a low molecular weight heparin.It is marketed as Fragmin.Like other low molecular weight heparins, dalteparin is used for prophylaxis or treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism to reduce the risk of a stroke or heart attack. [2]

  7. Fondaparinux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondaparinux

    Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide factor Xa inhibitor. Fondaparinux binds antithrombin and accelerates its inhibition of factor Xa.. Apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, the identity and sequence of the five monomeric sugar units contained in fondaparinux is identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical ...

  8. Discovery and development of direct Xa inhibitors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development...

    Factor Xa was identified as a promising target for the development of new anticoagulants in the early 1980s. In 1987 the first factor Xa inhibitor, the naturally occurring compound antistasin, was isolated from the salivary glands of the Mexican leech Haementeria officinalis. Antistasin is a polypeptide and a potent Xa inhibitor.

  9. Direct thrombin inhibitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_thrombin_inhibitor

    As they are administered by injection (intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous), they are less suitable for long-term treatment. [ 1 ] Argatroban (as well as the hirudins) is used for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia , a relatively infrequent yet serious complication of heparin treatment that requires anticoagulation (as it increases both ...