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Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (born Lucius Septimius Bassianus, 4 April 188 – 8 April 217), better known by his nickname Caracalla (/ ˌ k æ r ə ˈ k æ l ə /), [3] was Roman emperor from 198 to 217 AD. He was a member of the Severan dynasty, the elder son of Emperor Septimius Severus and Empress Julia Domna.
Marcus became, in official titulature, Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; Lucius, forgoing his name Commodus and taking Marcus's family name Verus, became Imperator Caesar Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus. [160] [note 9] It was the first time that Rome was ruled by two emperors. [163] [note 10]
To strengthen his legitimacy, Elagabalus adopted the same name Caracalla bore as emperor, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. [37] [38] Cassius Dio states that some officers tried to keep the soldiers loyal to Macrinus, but they were unsuccessful. [21] Reverse of an aureus of Elagabalus, marked: salus antonini aug· ("the Health of Antoninus Augustus")
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus: 4 February 211 – 8 April 217 (6 years, 2 months and 4 days) Son of Septimius Severus, proclaimed co-emperor on 28 January 198, at age 10. Succeeded jointly with his brother, Geta, in 211 4 April 188 – 8 April 217 (aged 29)
[21] [22] Among his supporting evidence was that the life of Septimius Severus appeared to have made use of a passage from the mid-4th-century historian Aurelius Victor, [note 2] and that the life of Marcus Aurelius likewise uses material from Eutropius. [note 3] [23]
The major sources for the life and rule of Marcus Aurelius are patchy and frequently unreliable. This is particularly true of his youth. The biographies contained in the Historia Augusta claim to be written by a group of authors at the turn of the fourth century, but are in fact written by a single author (referred to here as "the biographer") from the later fourth century (c. 395).
Marcus Annius Verus: Faustina the Elder 100–141: Antoninus 86–161 r. 138–161: Marcus Aurelius 121–180 r. 161–180: Faustina the Younger 125–175: Commodus 161–192 r. 180–192: Lucilla 148–182: Lucius Verus 130–169 r. 161–169
Marble statue of Marcus Aurelius in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen. The major sources for the life and rule of Marcus are patchy and frequently unreliable. The biographies contained in the Historia Augusta claim to be written by a group of authors at the turn of the 4th century, but are in fact written by a single author (referred to here as "the biographer of the Historia Augusta ...