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After all of Gobind Singh's children had been killed by the Mughal army and the battle of Muktsar, the Guru wrote a defiant letter in Persian to Aurangzeb, titled Zafarnama (literally, "epistle of victory"), a letter which the Sikh tradition considers important towards the end of the 19th century. [106] [131] [132]
Aurangzeb's immediate successor was his third son Azam Shah, who was defeated and killed in June 1707 at the battle of Jajau by the army of Bahadur Shah I, the second son of Aurangzeb. [251] Both because of Aurangzeb's over-extension and because of Bahadur Shah's weak military and leadership qualities, entered a period of terminal decline.
Aurangzeb is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Atul Sabharwal and produced by Aditya Chopra under Yash Raj Films. The film stars Prithviraj Sukumaran , Arjun Kapoor , Rishi Kapoor , Jackie Shroff , Amrita Singh , and Sasha Agha , while Sikander Kher , Kavi Shastri and Swara Bhaskar play supporting roles.
Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam (14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712), commonly known as Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth.
The Execution of Sambhaji was a significant event in 17th-century Deccan India, where the second Maratha King was put to death by order of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.The conflicts between the Mughals and the Deccan Sultanates, which resulted in the downfall of the Sultanates, paved the way for tensions between the Marathas and the Mughals.
Chhatrapati Sambhaji with Prince Shahu c. 1685. In 1689, at the age of seven, Shahu was taken prisoner along with his mother by Mughals after the Battle of Raigarh. [9] [10] Aurangzeb was fighting the decentralised Marathas and hoped to use the crown heir Shahu as a pawn in his battle.
Shah Jahan, accompanied by his three sons: Dara Shikoh, Shah Shuja and Aurangzeb, and their maternal grandfather Asaf Khan IV. In 1612, aged 20, Khurram married Mumtaz Mahal, on a date chosen by court astrologers. The marriage was a happy one and Khurram remained devoted to her. They had fourteen children, out of whom seven survived into adulthood.
She was a partisan of her younger brother, Aurangzeb, and supported him during the war of succession which took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657. After Aurangzeb's accession to the throne in 1658, Roshanara was given the title of Padshah Begum by her brother displacing her sister and rival Jahanara Begum.