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Internment of German resident aliens and German-American citizens occurred in the United States during the periods of World War I and World War II. During World War II, the legal basis for this detention was under Presidential Proclamation 2526 , made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the authority of the Alien Enemies Act .
German Americans who had fluent German language skills were an important asset to wartime intelligence, and they served as translators and as spies for the United States. [87] The war evoked strong pro-American patriotic sentiments among German Americans, few of whom by then had contacts with distant relatives in the old country. [88] [89] [90]
Robert Paul Prager (February 28, 1888 – April 5, 1918) was a German immigrant who was lynched in the United States during World War I due to growing anti-German sentiment. Prager initially worked as a baker in southern Illinois before taking up work as a laborer in a coal mine.
Questions of German American loyalty increased due to events like the German bombing of Black Tom island [98] and the U.S. entering World War I, many German Americans were arrested for refusing allegiance to the U.S. [99] War hysteria led to the removal of German names in public, names of things such as streets, [100] and businesses. [101]
Demonstrators set an American flag in flames during a protest against the Pershing II deployment in Germany, 1982. Anti-American sentiment in Germany is the dislike of the American government or people [1] present in Germany. Anti-Americanism has been present in Germany throughout history with several notable incidents.
The exact population of German POWs in World War I is difficult to ascertain because they were housed in the same facilities used for German-American internment, but there were known to be 406 German POWs at Fort Douglas and 1,373 at Fort McPherson. [5] [6] The prisoners built furniture and worked on local roads.
German Americans in early 1917 still called for neutrality, but proclaimed that if a war came they would be loyal to the United States. By this point, they had been excluded almost entirely from national discourse on the subject. [61] German-American Socialists in Milwaukee, Wisconsin actively campaigned against entry into the war. [62]
A matchbook cover issued by the Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to advertise the boycott. The anti-Nazi boycott was an international boycott of German products in response to violence and harassment by members of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party against Jews following his appointment as Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933.