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SERMs that have not been approved for medical use include arzoxifene, brilanestrant, clomifenoxide (clomiphene N-oxide; metabolite of clomifene), [3] droloxifene (3-hydroxytamoxifen), etacstil, fispemifene, GW-7604 (4-hydroxyetacstil; metabolite of etacstil), idoxifene (pyrrolidino-4-iodotamoxifen), levormeloxifene ((L)-ormeloxifene), miproxifene, nafoxidine, nitromifene (CI-628), NNC 45-0095 ...
The range of these exchange rates is around 10 −2 to 10 −4 s −1 which is on the scale of an average cell’s lifetime, giving the drug high kinetic stability and minimizing side reactions. [1] This allows the Ru complex to remain intact as it approaches the target as well as remain viable throughout its interaction with the cells.
Refractory metastatic melanoma, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crises, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. Myelosuppression, neurotoxicity and paralytic ileus. Vinflunine: IV: As above. Bladder cancer: As per vinblastine. Vinorelbine: IV: As above. Breast cancer and non-small ...
Toxicological issues prevented long term use of clomifene and further drug development for other potential applications such as breast cancer treatment and prevention. [ 6 ] It was another ten years before tamoxifen was approved in December 1977, not as a contraceptive but as a hormonal treatment to treat and prevent breast cancer. [ 6 ]
Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production .
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
This is a list of chemotherapeutic agents, also known as cytotoxic agents or cytostatic drugs, that are known to be of use in chemotherapy for cancer.This list is organized by type of agent, although the subsections are not necessarily definitive and are subject to revision.
Methylselenocysteine, also known as Se-methylselenocysteine, is an analog of S-methylcysteine in which the sulfur atom is replaced with a selenium atom. It is an inhibitor of DMBA-induced mammary tumors [1] and a "chemopreventive agent that blocks cell cycle progression and proliferation of premalignant mammary lesions and induces apoptosis of cancer cell lines in culture."