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The sine function (blue) is closely approximated by its Taylor polynomial of degree 7 (pink) for a full period centered at the origin. The Taylor polynomials for ln(1 + x) only provide accurate approximations in the range −1 < x ≤ 1. For x > 1, Taylor polynomials of higher degree provide worse approximations.
In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function , the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order k {\textstyle k} of the Taylor series of the function.
In mathematics, a cubic function is a function of the form () = + + +, that is, a polynomial function of degree three. In many texts, the coefficients a , b , c , and d are supposed to be real numbers , and the function is considered as a real function that maps real numbers to real numbers or as a complex function that maps complex numbers to ...
This can be proved as follows. First, if r is a root of a polynomial with real coefficients, then its complex conjugate is also a root. So the non-real roots, if any, occur as pairs of complex conjugate roots. As a cubic polynomial has three roots (not necessarily distinct) by the fundamental theorem of algebra, at least one root must be real.
For example, if a quantity is constant within the whole interval, approximating it with a second-order Taylor series will not increase the accuracy. In the case of a smooth function, the nth-order approximation is a polynomial of degree n, which is obtained by truncating the Taylor series
Polynomials of degree one, two or three are respectively linear polynomials, quadratic polynomials and cubic polynomials. [8] For higher degrees, the specific names are not commonly used, although quartic polynomial (for degree four) and quintic polynomial (for degree five) are sometimes used. The names for the degrees may be applied to the ...
For a n-times differentiable function, by Taylor's theorem the Taylor series expansion is given as (+) = + ′ ()! + ()! + + ()! + (),. Where n! denotes the factorial of n, and R n (x) is a remainder term, denoting the difference between the Taylor polynomial of degree n and the original function.
In mathematics, the jet is an operation that takes a differentiable function f and produces a polynomial, the Taylor polynomial (truncated Taylor series) of f, at each point of its domain. Although this is the definition of a jet, the theory of jets regards these polynomials as being abstract polynomials rather than polynomial functions.