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Patch antenna gain pattern. A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only.
Hexbeam amateur radio antenna. A hexbeam, or hexagonal-beam, is a type of a directional antenna for shortwave, most often used in amateur radio. The name comes from the hexagonal outer shape of the antenna. It may also sometimes be known as a W-antenna, referring to the shape of the driver. The design looks something like an upturned umbrella.
The nulls in the radiation pattern of small receiving loops and ferrite core antennas are bi-directional, and are much sharper than the directions of maximum power of either loop or of linear antennas, and even most beam antennas; the null directionality of small loops is comparable to the maximal directionality of large dish antennas (aperture ...
Also called a beam antenna [4] and parasitic array, the Yagi is widely used as a directional antenna on the HF, VHF and UHF bands. [3] [4] It has moderate to high gain of up to 20 dBi, [3] depending on the number of elements used, and a front-to-back ratio of up to 20 dB.
For directional antennas, the Yagi antenna is the most widely used as a high gain or "beam" antenna. For television reception, the Yagi is used, as well as the log-periodic antenna due to its wider bandwidth. Helical and turnstile antennas are used for satellite communication since they employ circular polarization.
Its beam direction is anywhere within 30° of zenith. [16] [17] HAARP antenna array. The HAARP project directs a 3.6 M W signal, in the 2.8–10 MHz region of the HF band, into the ionosphere. The signal may be pulsed or continuous.
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