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Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory.
Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...
Crushing, a form of comminution, one of the unit operations of mineral processing. Mineral processing is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores in the field of extractive metallurgy. [1] Depending on the processes used in each instance, it is often referred to as ore dressing or ore milling.
The most common example of roasting is the oxidation of metal sulfide ores. The metal sulfide is heated in the presence of air to a temperature that allows the oxygen in the air to react with the sulfide to form sulfur dioxide gas and solid metal oxide. The solid product from roasting is often called "calcine".
A good example of the autoclave leach process can also be found in the metallurgy of zinc. It is best described by the following chemical reaction: [citation needed] 2 ZnS + O 2 + 2 H 2 SO 4 → 2 ZnSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 S. This reaction proceeds at temperatures above the boiling point of water, thus creating a vapour pressure inside the vessel.
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. [35] The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals , precious metals , iron , uranium , coal , diamonds , limestone , oil shale , rock salt , potash , construction aggregate ...
Leaching solution is pumped into the deposit where it comes in contact with the ore. The solution bearing the dissolved ore content is then pumped to the surface and processed. This process allows the extraction of metals and salts from an ore body without the need for conventional mining involving drill-and-blast, open-cut or underground mining.
Leaching is the loss or extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent), and may refer to: . Leaching (agriculture), the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil; or applying a small amount of excess irrigation to avoid soil salinity
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