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In the x86 architecture, the CPUID instruction (identified by a CPUID opcode) is a processor supplementary instruction (its name derived from CPU Identification) allowing software to discover details of the processor.
Special purpose instructions also often lack explicit operands; for example, CPUID in the x86 architecture writes values into four implicit destination registers. This distinction between explicit and implicit operands is important in code generators, especially in the register allocation and live range tracking parts.
In the mid-1990s, a facility for supplying new microcode was initially referred to as the Pentium Pro BIOS Update Feature. [18] [19] It was intended that user-mode applications should make a BIOS interrupt call to supply a new "BIOS Update Data Block", which the BIOS would partially validate and save to nonvolatile BIOS memory; this could be supplied to the installed processors on next boot.
The CPUID instruction can be used on both AMD and Intel CPUs to check whether the RDRAND instruction is supported. If it is, bit 30 of the ECX register is set after calling CPUID standard function 01H. [10] AMD processors are checked for the feature using the same test. [11] RDSEED availability can be checked on Intel CPUs in a similar manner.
In 2011, the Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) was created to take over the maintenance of pip and virtualenv from Bicking, led by Carl Meyer, Brian Rosner, and Jannis Leidel. [ 10 ] With the release of pip version 6.0 (2014-12-22), the version naming process was changed to have version in X.Y format and drop the preceding 1 from the version label.
Takes as input a CPUID leaf index in EAX and, depending on leaf, a sub-index in ECX. Result is returned in EAX,EBX,ECX,EDX. [d] Instruction is serializing, and causes a mandatory #VMEXIT under virtualization. Support for CPUID can be checked by toggling bit 21 of EFLAGS (EFLAGS.ID) – if this bit can be toggled, CPUID is present. Usually 3 [e]
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The types of operations may include arithmetic, data copying, logical operations, and program control, as well as special instructions (e.g., CPUID). [10] In addition to the opcode, many instructions also specify the data (known as operands) the operation will act upon, although some instructions may have implicit operands or none at all. [10]