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  2. Vellum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum

    Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin (rather than the skin of other animals), [1] or simply by being of a higher quality. [2] Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices (books).

  3. Parchment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchment

    Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves, and goats. It has been used as a writing medium for over two millennia. Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins of young animals

  4. Conservation and restoration of parchment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Typically parchment made from calfskin is called vellum, though the term can also be used to refer to very fine quality parchment made from the skins of other animals. For the purposes of conservation and restoration, the term parchment is used in reference to vellum objects, as the terms have been used interchangeably throughout time to refer ...

  5. Klaf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaf

    Our Torah scroll, even though it is not made in accordance with the halakha, since it is written upon klaf called [in Arabic] req (= parchment), which is neither treated with [barley]-flour nor tanned with tannins, they (i.e. the Jewish community at large) have already relied upon its use owing to the extenuating circumstances, for 'it is a ...

  6. Quill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quill

    Quill and a parchment. A quill is a writing tool made from a moulted flight feather (preferably a primary wing-feather) of a large bird.Quills were used for writing with ink before the invention of the dip pen/metal-nibbed pen, the fountain pen, and, eventually, the ballpoint pen.

  7. History of paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paper

    Today this process is called deinking. 19th-century advances in papermaking Although cheaper than vellum, paper remained expensive, at least in book-sized quantities, through the centuries, until the advent of steam-driven paper making machines in the 19th century, which could make paper with fibres from wood pulp .

  8. Writing material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_material

    Stone tablets, clay and wooden writing tablets, and wax-covered wooden tablets are some of the first specialized configurations of materials in flat surfaces specifically for writing. Unglazed pottery shards were used almost as a kind of scratch paper, as ostraka , for tax receipts, and, in Athens, to record the individual nominations of Greek ...

  9. Scroll - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scroll

    The codex form of the book—that is, folding a scroll into pages, which made reading and handling the document much easier—appears during the Roman period. Stemming from a passage in Suetonius' Divus Julius (56.6), legend has it that Julius Caesar was the first to fold scrolls, concertina-fashion, for dispatches to his forces campaigning in ...

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