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The power of twin designs arises from the fact that twins may be either identical (monozygotic (MZ), i.e. developing from a single fertilized egg and therefore sharing all of their polymorphic alleles) or fraternal (dizygotic (DZ), i.e. developing from two fertilized eggs and therefore sharing on average 50% of their alleles, the same level of genetic similarity found in non-twin siblings).
The human twin birth rate in the United States rose 76% from 1980 through 2009, from 9.4 to 16.7 twin sets (18.8 to 33.3 twins) per 1,000 births. [5] The Yoruba people have the highest rate of twinning in the world, at 45–50 twin sets (90–100 twins) per 1,000 live births, [6] [7] [8] possibly because of high consumption of a specific type of yam containing a natural phytoestrogen which may ...
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population ( alleles ), a situation called polymorphism . No two humans are genetically identical.
Image credits: twinsdays Since twins would generally have similar genetic material, the differences in how old they look would be attributed to their environmental factors as well as lifestyle ...
Monozygotic twins result from the fertilization of one egg and the division of that single embryo forming two embryos. [4] However, just because a set of twins share the same genetic information, it does not mean they will exhibit the same traits and behaviors. There are different versions of a gene, which are called alleles. How a gene is ...
Identical twin studies are a useful mechanism for assessing the role of genes and environment. Twin studies have also found that among twins with differing sexual orientations, homosexual twins were significantly more gender nonconforming than their heterosexual co-twin, and that this was noticeable from a young age. [29] Bailey states:
Identical twins of the ‘Ask Reddit’ community recently shared what are the main differences between them and their sibling, showing that the dissimilarities can range from a unique mole to one ...
The word zygosity may also be used to describe the genetic similarity or dissimilarity of twins. [6] Identical twins are monozygotic, meaning that they develop from one zygote that splits and forms two embryos. Fraternal twins are dizygotic because they develop from two separate oocytes (egg cells) that are fertilized by two separate sperm.