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Frame rate, most commonly expressed in frames per second or FPS, is typically the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images are captured or displayed. This definition applies to film and video cameras , computer animation , and motion capture systems.
As movies are usually filmed at a rate of 24 frames per second, while television sets operate at different rates, some conversion is necessary. Different techniques exist to give the viewer an optimal experience. The combination of content production, playback device, and display device processing may also give artifacts that are unnecessary.
In early cinema history, there was no standard frame rate established. Thomas Edison's early films were shot at 40 fps, while the Lumière Brothers used 16 fps. This had to do with a combination of the use of a hand crank rather than a motor, which created variable frame rates because of the inconsistency of the cranking of the film through the camera.
Television typically originates at 50 or 60 frames or interlaced fields per second. The flicker fusion threshold does not prevent indirect detection of a high frame rate, such as the phantom array effect or wagon-wheel effect, as human-visible side effects of a finite frame rate were still seen on an experimental 480 Hz display. [6]
Showscan's research indicates that an average of 66.7 frames per second is the upper limit of what the human visual system can perceive, and higher frame rates have no further effect, except in reducing flicker. [citation needed] (See refresh rate.)
The second type of slow motion is achieved during post production. This is known as time-stretching or digital slow motion. This type of slow motion is achieved by inserting new frames in between frames that have actually been photographed. The effect is similar to overcranking as the actual motion occurs over a longer time.
The frame rate refers to how often a new field is shown per second. At 50 Hz, 50 fields are shown each second. This results in 25 full frames per second when the odd and even fields are combined. At 60 Hz, 60 fields are shown per second. This results in 30 full frames per second. Interlacing affects how motion is perceived in 1080i.
The stroboscopic effect is a visual phenomenon caused by aliasing that occurs when continuous rotational or other cyclic motion ... Filmed at 24 frames per second ...