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There are four dimensions of hauora: taha tinana (physical well-being – health), taha hinengaro (mental and emotional well-being – self-confidence), taha whanau (social well-being – self-esteem) and taha wairua (spiritual well-being – personal beliefs).
In the 1980s, Ramsden developed Kawa Whakaruruhau or Cultural Safety in Nursing Education, an approach to health care which was both original and controversial. The approach required people and organisations in the health sector to consider Māori and other cultural identities that a patient brings with them as they access health services.
The 1990s also saw the separation of intellectual handicaps from mental health services, [22] and more attention was paid to Māori, who were over-represented in the mental health system. From 2012 on, the Health and Disability Commission has overseen the integration of New Zealand's response to mental health issues.
Whānau Ora (Māori for "healthy families") is a major contemporary indigenous health initiative in New Zealand, driven by Māori cultural values. Its core goal is to empower communities and extended families ( whānau ) to support families within the community context rather than individuals within an institutional context.
The Maori Health Authority, or Te Aka Whai Ora, was established in 2022 to improve health outcomes of Maori, which lag the broader population. Maori make up 17% of the country's population.
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Te Hiringa Mahara, formerly known as the Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission, is a New Zealand independent Crown entity that opened on 9 February 2021 which focuses on promoting mental health and wellbeing as well as providing leadership to the sector.
After graduating, McNeill returned to Rotorua, teaching at Waiariki Community College including development of their Māori Studies B.A. course. [2] She additionally advocated for mandatory domestic violence reporting and the founding of Māori women's refuges during the 1980s.