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A tRNA is commonly named by its intended amino acid (e.g. tRNA-Asn), by its anticodon sequence (e.g. tRNA(GUU)), or by both (e.g. tRNA-Asn(GUU) or tRNA Asn GUU ). [ 19 ] These two features describe the main function of the tRNA, but do not actually cover the whole diversity of tRNA variation; as a result, numerical suffixes are added to ...
eIF2 is the main protein complex responsible for delivering the initiator tRNA to the P-site of the preinitiation complex, as a ternary complex containing Met-tRNA i Met and GTP (the eIF2-TC). eIF2 has specificity for the methionine-charged initiator tRNA, which is distinct from other methionine-charged tRNAs used for elongation of the ...
The factor consists of an alpha, beta, and gamma subunit. The eIF2 gamma subunit is characterized by a GTP-binding domain and beta-barrel folds. It binds to the tRNA through GTP. Once the initiation factor helps the tRNA bind, the GTP hydrolyzes and is released the eIF2. The eIF2 beta subunit is identified by its Zn-finger.
The Met-charged initiator tRNA (Met-tRNA i Met) is brought to the P-site of the small ribosomal subunit by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). It hydrolyzes GTP, and signals for the dissociation of several factors from the small ribosomal subunit, eventually leading to the association of the large subunit (or the 60S subunit).
The primary function of IF-2 is to transport the initiator fMet-tRNA to the P-site of the 30S ribosomal subunit. [20] The C2 domain of IF2 has a unique recognition and binding affinity towards the initiator tRNA. The IF-2 protein has been observed to form a ternary complex when interacting with GTP and fMet-tRNA. [21]
The A site is the point of entry for the aminoacyl tRNA (except for the first aminoacyl tRNA, which enters at the P site). The P site is where the peptidyl tRNA is formed in the ribosome. And the E site which is the exit site of the now uncharged tRNA after it gives its amino acid to the growing peptide chain. [1]
The ribosomal P-site plays a vital role in all phases of translation. Initiation involves recognition of the start codon (AUG) by initiator tRNA in the P-site, elongation involves passage of many elongator tRNAs through the P site, termination involves hydrolysis of the mature polypeptide from tRNA bound to the P-site, and ribosome recycling involves release of deacylated tRNA.
Archaeal initiation factors are proteins that are used during the translation step of protein synthesis in archaea.The principal functions these proteins perform include ribosome RNA/mRNA recognition, delivery of the initiator Met-tRNA i Met, methionine bound tRNAi, to the 40s ribosome, and proofreading of the initiation complex.