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An ylide (/ ˈ ɪ l aɪ d /) [1] or ylid (/ ˈ ɪ l ɪ d /) is a neutral dipolar molecule containing a formally negatively charged atom (usually a carbanion) directly attached to a heteroatom with a formal positive charge (usually nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur), and in which both atoms have full octets of electrons.
Pyridinium refers to the cation [C 5 H 5 NH] +. It is the conjugate acid of pyridine. Many related cations are known involving substituted pyridines, e.g. picolines ...
Radical dimerization of pyridine with elemental sodium or Raney nickel selectively yields 4,4'-bipyridine, [98] or 2,2'-bipyridine, [99] which are important precursor reagents in the chemical industry. One of the name reactions involving free radicals is the Minisci reaction.
The physical manifestation of leaving group ability is the rate at which a reaction takes place. Good leaving groups give fast reactions. By transition state theory, this implies that reactions involving good leaving groups have low activation barriers leading to relatively stable transition states.
The free radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. [1] A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. [2] While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically relevant free radicals are highly ...
This radical adds to the monomer M to form the species P 1 •, which can propagate to P m •. By exchange of iodine from the transfer agent R-I to the propagating radical P m • a new radical R• is formed and P m • becomes dormant. This species can propagate with monomer M to P n •. During the polymerization exchange between the ...
Pages in category "Pyridinium compounds" The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Hydrogen abstraction from the 1’-deoxyribose carbon by the hydroxyl radical creates a 1 ‘-deoxyribosyl radical. The radical can then react with molecular oxygen, creating a peroxyl radical which can be reduced and dehydrated to yield a 2’-deoxyribonolactone and free base. A deoxyribonolactone is mutagenic and resistant to repair enzymes.