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Merle Fainsod estimated that, in 1952, collective farm earnings were only one-fourth of the cash income from private plots on Soviet collective farms. [54] In many cases, the immediate effect of collectivization was the reduction of output and the cutting of the number of livestock in half.
The Soviet Union introduced collective farming in its constituent republics between 1927 and 1933. The Baltic states and most of the Eastern Bloc (except Poland) adopted collective farming after World War II, with the accession of communist regimes to power.
In the collective and state farms, low labor productivity was a consequence for the entire Soviet period. [33] As in other economic sectors, the government promoted Stakhanovism as a means to improve labor productivity.
Cover of the Soviet magazine Kolhospnytsia Ukrayiny ("Collective Farm Woman of Ukraine"), December 1932. Approaches to changing from individual farming to a collective type of agricultural production had existed since 1917, but for various reasons (lack of agricultural equipment, agronomy resources, etc.) were not implemented widely until 1925, when there was a more intensive effort by the ...
[b] These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917, as an antithesis both to the feudal structure of impoverished serfdom and aristocratic landlords and to individual or family farming. Initially, a collective farm resembled an updated version of the ...
In 1990, the Soviet Union had 23,500 sovkhozy, or 45% of the total number of large-scale collective and state farms. The average size of a sovkhoz was 15,300 hectares (153 km 2), nearly three times the average kolkhoz (5,900 hectares or 59 km 2 in 1990). [3] Sovkhoz farms were more dominant in the Central Asian part of the Soviet Union.
The authorities resolved that each brigade was to have a fixed plot in every field of the crop rotation.A Communist Party resolution of 4 February 1932 said the brigade's land should be fixed for the agricultural year, but some kolkhozes found that it helped forward planning to fix it for the whole period of the crop-rotation, and this practice was formally adopted in the kolkhoz Model Statute ...
The zveno (Russian: звено, IPA: [zʲvʲɪˈno] ⓘ; Ukrainian: ланка, romanized: lanka) was a small grassroots work-group within Soviet collective farms. It was, or became, a subunit within the collective-farm brigade.