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For centuries, humans have utilized the earth and its natural resources to advance civilization and develop technology. "As a principle [] result of Industrial Revolutions and associated changes in human demographics, technology systems, cultures, and economic systems have been the evolution of an Earth in which the dynamics of major natural systems are increasingly dominated by human activity".
Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be used for economic and industrial purposes. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals and construction-grade stone. Economic geology is a subdiscipline of the geosciences; according to Lindgren (1933) it is “the application of geology”.
Rammed earth is more often considered for use in walls, although it can also be used for floors. Rammed earth and caliche block can be used for structural walls, and offer great potential as low-cost material alternatives with low embodied energy. In addition, such materials are fireproof. Caliche block and rammed earth can be produced on-site.
Engineering management: Management of engineers and engineering processes Military engineering: Military weapons and vehicles, such as artillery and tanks Combat engineering; Mining engineering: An engineering discipline that involves the science, technology, and practice of extracting and processing minerals from a naturally occurring environment.
Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things). [28]: 1451 Climate is the statistical characterization of the climate system.
Land restoration – Process of restoring land to a different state; Grading (earthworks) – In civil engineering, creating a profile; Spoil tip – Pile built of accumulated spoil; Subgrade – Material underneath a road or track; Terrace (earthworks) – Terrain formed by tiered platforms
Industrial ecology (IE) is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems. The global industrial economy can be modelled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the Earth and transform those resources into by-products, products and services which can be bought and sold to meet the needs of humanity.
Together with planetary management, stewardship and environmental wisdom are different ways to manage the Earth [9] or "environmental worldviews". In particular: Planetary management focus its attention on humans needs and wants, while stewardship aim at the benefit of humans, organisms and ecosystems of the Earth: [9] in other words, planetary management considers humans as the most important ...