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Silicon carbide exists in about 250 crystalline forms. [23] The polymorphism of SiC is characterized by a large family of similar crystalline structures called polytypes. They are variations of the same chemical compound that are identical in two dimensions and differ in the third. Thus they can be viewed as layers stacked in a certain sequence ...
It is relatively unreactive. Silicon is a significant element that is essential for several physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Silicon is widely regarded as the predominant semiconductor material due to its versatile applications in various electrical devices such as transistors, solar cells, integrated circuits, and others.
Silicon comes from the Latin word silex (or silicis), meaning "flint". Germanium comes from the Latin word Germania , the Latin name for Germany, which is the country where germanium was discovered. Stannum comes from the Latin word stannum , meaning "tin", from or related to Celtic staen .
Almost no multiple bonds to silicon are stable, although silicon does exhibit varied coordination number. [21] Silanes, silicon analogues to the alkanes, react rapidly with water, and long-chain silanes spontaneously decompose. [22] Consequently, most terrestrial silicon is "locked up" in silica, and not a wide variety of biogenic precursors. [21]
As the CDMS-experiment has multiple different detector technologies in use, in particular, 2 types of detectors based on germanium or silicon, respectively, the experiments derived from some specific configuration of the CDMS-experiment detectors and different data-sets thus collected are sometimes given names like CDMS Ge, CDMS Si, CDMS II Si ...
When silicon is grown by the Czochralski method, the melt is contained in a silica crucible. During growth, the walls of the crucible dissolve into the melt and Czochralski silicon therefore contains oxygen at a typical concentration of 10 18 cm −3. Oxygen impurities can have beneficial or detrimental effects.
Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called "metalloid staircase" on the periodic table. After silicon, gallium arsenide is the second-most common semiconductor and is used in laser diodes, solar cells, microwave-frequency integrated circuits, and others.
01.CB Carbon-silicon family: 05a graphite, 05b chaoite, 05c fullerite; 10a diamond, 10b lonsdaleite, 15 silicon 01.CC Sulfur-selenium-iodine: 05 sulfur , 05 rosickyite ; 10 tellurium , 10 selenium