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In 2017, the world's production of low-grade gallium was c. 315 tons—an increase of 15% from 2016. China, Japan, South Korea, Russia, and Ukraine were the leading producers, while Germany ceased primary production of gallium in 2016. The yield of high-purity gallium was ca. 180 tons, mostly originating from China, Japan, Slovakia, UK and U.S.
Germanium tetrachloride is either hydrolyzed to the oxide (GeO 2) or purified by fractional distillation and then hydrolyzed. [71] The highly pure GeO 2 is now suitable for the production of germanium glass. It is reduced to the element by reacting it with hydrogen, producing germanium suitable for infrared optics and semiconductor production:
China is the world's largest antimony producer and dominates the production of many strategic materials. ... Beijing also limited exports of gallium and germanium - used for semiconductors, solar ...
China is the world’s leading producer of both gallium and germanium, according to the US Geological Survey. The country accounted for 98% of the global production of gallium, and 68% of the ...
The Chinese ban applies to the minerals antimony, gallium and germanium. It also restricts the export of graphite. ... China accounted for 98.8% of refined gallium production and 59.2% of refined ...
China on Tuesday banned exports to the United States of the critical minerals gallium, germanium and antimony that have widespread military applications, escalating trade tensions the day after ...
The U.S. gets about half its supply of both gallium and germanium metals directly from China, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. China exported about 23 metric tons (25 tons) of gallium in 2022 and produces about 600 metric tons (660 tons) of germanium per year.
Indium Corporation is a materials refiner, smelter, manufacturer, and supplier to the global electronics, semiconductor, thin-film, and thermal management markets.Products include solders and fluxes; brazes; thermal interface materials; sputtering targets; indium, gallium, germanium, and tin metals and inorganic compounds; and NanoFoil.