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Israel in Egypt (Edward Poynter, 1867). The story of the Exodus is told in the first half of Exodus, with the remainder recounting the 1st year in the wilderness, and followed by a narrative of 39 more years in the books of Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, the last four of the first five books of the Bible (also called the Torah or Pentateuch). [10]
The Book of Genesis and the Book of Exodus from the Hebrew Bible depict the Israelites, ancestors of Jews, as having resided in ancient Egypt for a lengthy period of time. The narrative describes the patriarch Jacob and his twelve sons (progenitors of the Twelve Tribes of Israel ) settling in Egypt, with their descendants later forced into slavery.
The consensus of modern scholars is that the Torah does not give an accurate account of the origins of the Israelites. [8] There is no indication that the Israelites ever lived in Ancient Egypt, and the Sinai Peninsula shows almost no sign of any occupation for the entire 2nd millennium BCE (even Kadesh-Barnea, where the Israelites are said to have spent 38 years, was uninhabited prior to the ...
Attempting to locate many of the stations of the Israelite Exodus is a difficult task, if not infeasible. Though most scholars concede that the narrative of the Exodus may have a historical basis, [9] [10] [11] the event in question would have borne little resemblance to the mass-emigration and subsequent forty years of desert nomadism described in the biblical account.
Israel in Egypt (1867 painting by Edward Poynter) Jewish and Christian tradition viewed Moses as the author of Exodus and the entire Torah, but by the end of the 19th century the increasing awareness of discrepancies, inconsistencies, repetitions and other features of the Pentateuch had led scholars to abandon this idea. [21]
In the course of the operation "Magic Carpet" (1949–1950), most of the community of Yemenite Jews (called Teimanim, about 49,000) immigrated to Israel. The Jewish exodus from the Muslim world, in which the combined population of the Jewish communities of the Middle East and North Africa (excluding Israel) was reduced from about 900,000 in ...
Passage of the Jews through the Red Sea (1891), by Ivan Aivazovsky. God causes the Pharaoh to pursue the Israelites with chariots, and the pharaoh overtakes them at Pi-hahiroth. When the Israelites see the Egyptian army they are afraid, but the pillar of fire and the cloud separates the Israelites and the Egyptians.
[91] [26] The prevailing academic opinion is that the Israelites were a mixture of peoples predominately indigenous to Canaan, with additional input from an Egyptian matrix of peoples, which most likely inspired the Exodus narrative. [92] [93] [94] Israel's demographics were similar to the demographics of Ammon, Edom, Moab and Phoenicia.