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However, by the 1970s, Brezhnev consolidated power to become the regime's undisputed leader. In 1977, Brezhnev officially replaced Podgorny as head of state. [23] At his death in 1982, he received a state funeral. Yuri Andropov (1914–1984) [47] 10 November 1982 [47] ↓ 9 February 1984† [48] 1 year, 91 days — General Secretary of the ...
This is a list of rulers of Kievan Rus', the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic, the Soviet Union, and the modern Russian Federation.It does not include regents, acting rulers, rulers of the separatist states in the territory of Russia, persons who applied for the post of ruler, but did not become one, rebel leaders who did not control the capital, and the nominal ...
Brezhnev came to power in a country eager for stability. Under Brezhnev, the Soviet people experienced a dramatic rise in their standard of living. They took pride in their country's status as a global superpower and in Brezhnev's role as the architect of détente, a relaxation in cold-war tensions with the United States.
The office was introduced in 1918 after the February Revolution with the current office emerging after a referendum of 1991. [1] During the Soviet period of history, Russia was de jure headed by collective bodies such as the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet , since the Soviet theory of government ...
By Brezhnev's death in 1982, Soviet economic growth had nearly come to a standstill. During this period, Brezhnev consolidated power, and by the early 1970s, he had established himself as the preeminent Soviet leader. The stabilization policy established a ruling gerontocracy, and political corruption became increasingly prevalent. Despite this ...
The VII corps came under his command when Reynier fell back. When Tormassov occupied Brest (Belarus) at the end of July, he was cut off from supplies. [29] On 18 September he withdrew when Pavel Chichagov arrived from the south. [30] Schwarzenberg won the Battle of Wolkowisk. He crossed the Polish border on 14 December 1812. [31] Many survived.
Advisers have recounted how Brezhnev came into conflict with several top-level military industrialists, the most notable being Marshal Andrei Grechko, the Minister of Defense. In the early 1970s, according to Anatoly Aleksandrov-Agentov , one of Brezhnev's closest advisers, Brezhnev attended a five-hour meeting to try to convince the Soviet ...
The war in Europe against the French Empire under Napoleon ensured that the British did not consider the War of 1812 against the United States as more than a sideshow. [281] Britain's blockade of French trade had worked and the Royal Navy was the world's dominant nautical power (and remained so for another century).