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The majority of disc herniations occur in the lumbar spine (95% at L4–L5 or L5–S1). [21] The second most common site is the cervical region (C5–C6, C6–C7). The thoracic region accounts for only 1–2% of cases.
The soft tissue of the disc is often caused to bulge in retrolistheses. These cannot be determined by plain films, as the x-ray passes through the soft tissue. A study by Giles et al., stated that sixteen of the thirty patients (53%) had retrolisthesis of L5 on S1 ranging from 2–9 mm; these patients had either intervertebral disc bulging or ...
Because degenerative disc disease is largely due to natural daily stresses, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapists have suggested it is not truly a "disease" process. [6] This water loss makes the discs more flexible and results in the gradual collapse and narrowing of the gap in the spinal column. As the space between ...
In 90% of sciatica cases, this can occur as a result of a spinal disc bulge or herniation. [14] [28] Sciatica is generally caused by the compression of lumbar nerves L4 or L5 or sacral nerve S1. [29] Less commonly, sacral nerves S2 or S3 may cause sciatica. [29] Intervertebral spinal discs consist of an outer anulus fibrosus and an inner ...
In sacralization, the L5-S1 intervertebral disc may be thin and narrow. This abnormality is found by X-ray. [citation needed] Sacralization of L6 means L6 attaches to S1 via a rudimentary joint. This L6-S1 joint creates additional motion, increasing the potential for motion-related stress and lower back pain/conditions.
Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine. Many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease to encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica. In this article, the term is used to describe a lumbar herniated disc.
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