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2. List of sapphires by size - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sapphires_by_size

   Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers ...

3. Diamond simulant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_simulant

   The first crystalline artificial diamond simulants were synthetic white sapphire (Al 2 O 3, pure corundum) and spinel (MgO·Al 2 O 3, pure magnesium aluminium oxide). Both have been synthesized in large quantities since the first decade of the 20th century via the Verneuil or flame-fusion process, although spinel was not in wide use until the ...

4. Superhard material - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhard_material

   It is unclear whether the synthesis products are diamond-like solid solutions between carbon and boron nitride or just mechanical mixtures of highly dispersed diamond and c-BN. In 2001, a diamond-like-structured c-BC 2 N was synthesized at pressures >18 GPa and temperatures >2,200 K by a direct solid-state phase transition of graphite-like (BN ...

5. Hierarchy of precious substances - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_precious...

   Wedding anniversaries extend the jubilee hierarchy with various sequences of substances filling in many of the gaps between the same major milestones. In 2017 the 65th anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth II was widely referred to as her "sapphire jubilee" or more specifically as her blue sapphire jubilee (see Sapphire Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II) [1] but more traditionally the sapphire ...

6. Sapphire - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire

   For sapphire, Jammu and Kashmir receives the highest premium, although Burma, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar also produce large quantities of fine quality gems. [3] The cost of natural sapphires varies depending on their color, clarity, size, cut, and overall quality. Sapphires that are completely untreated are worth far more than those that have ...

7. Diamond color - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_color

   The majority of mined diamonds fall between white and pale yellow or brown; what is known as the normal color range. Diamonds of more intense color (usually yellow, but in some cases red, green or blue) are termed fancy color diamonds. Black diamonds are also fancy color diamonds. All other factors being equal, the most valuable diamonds are ...