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1972 — Jacob Bekenstein suggests that black holes have an entropy proportional to their surface area due to information loss effects; 1974 — Stephen Hawking applies quantum field theory to black hole spacetimes and shows that black holes will radiate particles with a black-body spectrum which can cause black hole evaporation
The Black Hole Era is defined as "40 < n < 100". In this era, according to the book, organized matter will remain only in the form of black holes. Black holes themselves slowly "evaporate" away the matter contained in them, by the quantum mechanical process of Hawking radiation. By the end of this era, only extremely low-energy photons ...
If black holes evaporate via Hawking radiation, a solar mass black hole will evaporate (beginning once the temperature of the cosmic microwave background drops below that of the black hole) over a period of 10 64 years. [151] A supermassive black hole with a mass of 10 11 M ☉ will evaporate in around 2×10 100 years. [152] Some monster black ...
Given the universe is 13.7 billion years old, that puts the age of this black hole at 13.2 billion years. Even more astounding to scientists, this black hole is a whopper — 10 times bigger than ...
The universe has appeared much the same as it does now, for many billions of years. It will continue to look similar for many more billions of years into the future. The galactic disk of the Milky Way is estimated to have been formed 8.8 ± 1.7 billion years ago but only the age of the Sun, 4.567 billion years, is known precisely. [82]
A black hole with a mass of around 1 M ☉ will vanish in around 2 × 10 64 years. As the lifetime of a black hole is proportional to the cube of its mass, more massive black holes take longer to decay. A supermassive black hole with a mass of 10 11 (100 billion) M ☉ will evaporate in around 2 × 10 93 years. [45]
Eventually black holes will dominate the universe, but they will disappear over time as they emit Hawking radiation. [19] Over infinite time, there could be a spontaneous entropy decrease by the Poincaré recurrence theorem , thermal fluctuations , [ 20 ] [ 21 ] and the fluctuation theorem .
In order to reproduce all the known outbursts, the rotation of the primary black hole is calculated to be 38% of the maximum allowed rotation for a Kerr black hole. [10] [4] The companion's orbit is decaying via the emission of gravitational radiation and it is expected to merge with the central black hole within approximately 10,000 years. [11 ...