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In 493 AD, Victorius of Aquitaine wrote a 98-column multiplication table which gave (in Roman numerals) the product of every number from 2 to 50 times and the rows were "a list of numbers starting with one thousand, descending by hundreds to one hundred, then descending by tens to ten, then by ones to one, and then the fractions down to 1/144."
Multiplication can also be thought of as scaling. Here, 2 is being multiplied by 3 using scaling, giving 6 as a result. Animation for the multiplication 2 × 3 = 6 4 × 5 = 20. The large rectangle is made up of 20 squares, each 1 unit by 1 unit. Area of a cloth 4.5m × 2.5m = 11.25m 2; 4 1 / 2 × 2 1 / 2 = 11 1 / 4
The Erdős–Tenenbaum–Ford constant is a mathematical constant that appears in number theory. [1] Named after mathematicians Paul Erdős , Gérald Tenenbaum , and Kevin Ford , it is defined as δ := 1 − 1 + log log 2 log 2 = 0.0860713320 … {\displaystyle \delta :=1-{\frac {1+\log \log 2}{\log 2}}=0.0860713320\dots }
The first tables of trigonometric functions known to be made were by Hipparchus (c.190 – c.120 BCE) and Menelaus (c.70–140 CE), but both have been lost. Along with the surviving table of Ptolemy (c. 90 – c.168 CE), they were all tables of chords and not of half-chords, that is, the sine function. [1]
In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or variables) to be multiplied, called factors.For example, 21 is the product of 3 and 7 (the result of multiplication), and (+) is the product of and (+) (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied together).
30,561 10 3,G81 20 ÷ ÷ ÷ 61 10 31 20 = = = 501 10 151 20 30,561 10 ÷ 61 10 = 501 10 3,G81 20 ÷ 31 20 = 151 20 ÷ = (black) The divisor goes into the first two digits of the dividend one time, for a one in the quotient. (red) fits into the next two digits once (if rotated), so the next digit in the quotient is a rotated one (that is, a five). (blue) The last two digits are matched once for ...
The group {1, −1} above and the cyclic group of order 3 under ordinary multiplication are both examples of abelian groups, and inspection of the symmetry of their Cayley tables verifies this. In contrast, the smallest non-abelian group, the dihedral group of order 6, does not have a symmetric Cayley table.
Renard series are a system of preferred numbers dividing an interval from 1 to 10 into 5, 10, 20, or 40 steps. [1] This set of preferred numbers was proposed ca. 1877 by French army engineer Colonel Charles Renard [2] [3] [4] and reportedly published in an 1886 instruction for captive balloon troops, thus receiving the current name in 1920s. [5]