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The biomass of phytoplankton and the presence of cool water in those regions allow upwelling zones to be identified by cool sea surface temperatures (SST) and high concentrations of chlorophyll a. [2] [3] The increased availability of nutrients in upwelling regions results in high levels of primary production and thus fishery production.
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF; Indonesian: Arus Lintas Indonesia) is an ocean current with importance for global climate as is the low-latitude movement of warm, relative freshwater from the north Pacific to the Indian Ocean. It thus serves as a main upper branch of the global heat/salt conveyor belt.
Territorial waters and claimed exclusive economic zone of Indonesia. The territorial waters of Indonesia are defined according to the principles set out in Article 46 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Their boundary consists of straight lines ("baselines") linking 195 coordinate points located at the outer edge of the ...
Exclusive economic zone 6,159,032 km 2 (2,378,016 sq mi) Indonesia is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia and Oceania , lying between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean .
An oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is characterized as an oxygen-deficient layer in the world's oceans. Typically found between 200 m to 1500 m deep below regions of high productivity, such as the western coasts of continents. [1] OMZs can be seasonal following the spring-summer upwelling season.
Indonesia, for example has nearly 33,000 square miles (85,000 km 2) of coral reefs. Its waters are home to a third of the world's total corals and a quarter of its fish species. Indonesia's coral reefs are located in the heart of the Coral Triangle and have been victim to destructive fishing, unregulated tourism, and bleaching due to climatic ...
Indonesia is the world's largest producer of palm oil [181] Indonesia has a mixed economy in which the private sector and government play vital roles. [182] As the only G20 member state in Southeast Asia, [183] the country has the largest economy in the region and is classified as a newly industrialised country.
The most prominent fault in the west of Indonesia is the Semangko Fault or the Great Sumatran Fault, a dextral strike-slip fault along Sumatra Island (about 1,900 km). The formation of this fault zone is related to the subduction zone in the west of Sumatra. Palu-Koro fault is another major structural feature formed in the central part of ...