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Upwelling at the equator is associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which actually moves, and consequently, is often located just north or south of the equator. Easterly (westward) trade winds blow from the Northeast and Southeast and converge along the equator blowing West to form the ITCZ.
There is a hypoxic zone covering the coasts of Oregon and Washington [52] that reached peak size in 2006 at an area of over 1,158 square miles. [53] Strong surface winds between April and September cause frequent upwelling that results in an increase of algae blooms, rendering the hypoxia a seasonal occurrence. [54]
As low oxygen zones expand vertically nearer to the surface, they can affect coastal upwelling systems such as the California Current on the coast of Oregon (US). These upwelling systems are driven by seasonal winds that force the surface waters near the coast to move offshore, which pulls deeper water up along the continental shelf. As the ...
An oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is characterized as an oxygen-deficient layer in the world's oceans. Typically found between 200 m to 1500 m deep below regions of high productivity, such as the western coasts of continents. [1] OMZs can be seasonal following the spring-summer upwelling season.
There are two main upwelling zones in the system that vary in intensity throughout the year; The Western Upwelling Zone (WUZ); And the Eastern Upwelling Zone; (EUZ). The western the WUZ is situated between 74-71°W and generates mainly seasonal upwelling and high offshore transport due to intense winds.
For example, the occurrence of kelp is frequently correlated with oceanographic upwelling zones, which provide unusually high concentrations of nutrients to the local environment. [26] [27] This allows kelp to grow and subsequently support herbivores, which in turn support consumers at higher trophic levels. [28]
The result is frequent and expensive repairs. Climate change continues to worsen the coastal storms that batter California's aging piers. The result is frequent and expensive repairs.
[5] [34] In general, LNLC regions have relatively warm, stratified water columns that limit the delivery of new nutrients to the photic zone via upwelling, thus favoring the nutrient “regeneration loop” where the majority of nutrients are recycled between primary producers, grazers and heterotrophic bacteria. [28]