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Mangkubumi, Crown Princess of Yogyakarta (full name: Her Royal Highness Princess Mangkubumi Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana Langgeng ing Mataram; Javanese: ꦩꦁꦑꦸꦨꦸꦩꦶ, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Mangkubumi, born as Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurmalitasari on 24 February 1972, later known as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pembayun) is the first child and daughter of Sultan Hamengkubuwono X of Yogyakarta and his ...
During imperial China (221 BCE – CE 1911), a wide variety of noble titles were granted. Some of these were hereditary; an overlapping subset were honorary. At the beginning of imperial China, the administration of territory was growing out of the older fengjian system, and the central government asserting more control over the old aristocracy.
In practice, many Chinese Empresses Dowager wielded great power— either as official regent for a young sovereign or with the influence of position within family social ranks. From Empress Lü of Han (r. 195 BCE – 180 BCE) to Empress Dowager Cixi of Qing (r. CE 1861–1908), some women unquestionably reigned supreme.
Princess consorts held titles according to their husbands. If the prince was demoted, princess consort could be treated appropriately. After the demotion of prince, princess consort returned her regalias to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. If the prince was born in a non-iron cap cadet line, his future title depended on the position of his ...
In Chinese, the system is called the "rear palace system" (後宮制度; hòugōng zhìdù). [ 3 ] No matter the dynasty, the empress (皇后; huánghòu ) held the highest rank and was the legal wife of the emperor, as well as the chief of the imperial harem and "mother of the nation" (母后天下; mǔhòu tiānxià ) which translates to ...
The Sultanate of Yogyakarta, officially the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat [9] (Javanese: ꦏꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦡ ꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀, romanized: Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Javanese pronunciation: [ŋajogjɔkartɔ hadinɪŋrat]; Indonesian: Kesultanan Yogyakarta) is a Javanese monarchy in Yogyakarta Special Region, in the Republic ...
In Chinese culture where the extended family is still valued, kinship terms have survived well into current usage. Also, since it is taboo to refer to or address a more senior family relation by his or her given name, the kinship term is the only possible term of address.
The treaty was the main result of the Third Javanese War of Succession in 1749–57. Pakubuwono II, king of Mataram, had backed a Chinese rebellion against the Dutch. In 1743, in payment for his restoration to power, the King ceded the north coast of Java and Madura to the Dutch East India Company.