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The International Bureau of Weights and Measures defined the mole as "the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon-12." Thus, by that definition, one mole of pure 12 C had a mass of exactly 12 g. [15] [5] The four different definitions were equivalent to within 1%.
Historically, the mole was defined as the amount of substance in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.As a consequence, the mass of one mole of a chemical compound, in grams, is numerically equal (for all practical purposes) to the mass of one molecule or formula unit of the compound, in daltons, and the molar mass of an isotope in grams per mole is approximately equal to the mass number ...
During that period, the molar mass of carbon-12 was thus exactly 12 g/mol, by definition. Since 2019, a mole of any substance has been redefined in the SI as the amount of that substance containing an exactly defined number of particles, 6.022 140 76 × 10 23. The molar mass of a compound in g/mol thus is equal to the mass of this number of ...
Though the rules governing the metric system have changed over time, the modern definition, the International System of Units (SI), defines the metric prefixes and seven base units: metre (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), ampere (A), kelvin (K), mole (mol), and candela (cd).
The mole and the atomic mass unit (dalton) were originally defined in the International System of Units (SI) in such a way that the constant was exactly 1 g/mol, which made the numerical value of the molar mass of a substance, in grams per mole, equal to the average mass of its constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or formula units) relative ...
For example, water has a molar mass of 18.0153(3) g/mol, but individual water molecules have molecular masses which range between 18.010 564 6863(15) Da (1 H 2 16 O) and 22.027 7364(9) Da (2 H 2 18 O). Atomic and molecular masses are usually reported in daltons, which is defined in terms of the mass of the isotope 12 C (carbon-12).
In the International System of Units (SI), the coherent unit for molar concentration is mol/m 3. However, most chemical literature traditionally uses mol / dm 3 , which is the same as mol / L . This traditional unit is often called a molar and denoted by the letter M, for example:
Amount of substance per unit volume mol⋅m −3: L −3 N: intensive Molar energy: J/mol: Amount of energy present in a system per unit amount of substance J/mol L 2 M T −2 N −1: intensive Molar entropy: S° Entropy per unit amount of substance J/(K⋅mol) L 2 M T −2 Θ −1 N −1: intensive Molar heat capacity: c: Heat capacity of a ...
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