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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; conjugate base perfluorooctanoate; also known colloquially as C8, for its 8-carbon chain structure) is a perfluorinated carboxylic acid produced and used worldwide as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes and as a material feedstock.
Examples include PFOA and PFOS, frequently present in water-resistant textiles and sprays conferring water-resistant properties to textiles and fire-fighting foam. [3] Data from animal studies of PFOA indicate that it can cause several types of tumors and neonatal death and may have toxic effects on the immune, liver, and endocrine systems.
For example, in a study sponsored by the Swedish EPA, Swedish ski wax technicians, who have high PFAS exposure, did not have significantly higher levels of PFHxA in their blood samples when compared to the general population median for their age groups, even while having concentrations of other PFAS, like PFOA, up to 44 times higher than the ...
Skeletal structure of PFOS, an effective, persistent and bioaccumulative fluorosurfactant A physical sample of PFOA, appearing as a white solid as seen here in a relatively pure form. It is commonly referred to as the main harmful PFAS chemical and PFOA is responsible for many of the negative health effects commonly associated with PFAS.
In 1968, organofluorine compounds were detected in the blood serum of consumers, and in 1976, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or a related compound such as PFOS were suggested as components. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In 1997, 3M detected PFOS in blood from global blood banks, [ 9 ] although the company's internal documents indicate knowledge of this ...
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During 1999, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began an investigation into the class of chemicals used in Scotchgard, after receiving information on the global distribution and toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), [7] the "key ingredient" [5] of Scotchgard.