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A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy ), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures , such as a funnel, derrick, or mast .
A ship's bow should be designed to enable the hull to pass efficiently through the water. Bow shapes vary according to the speed of the boat, the seas or waterways being navigated, and the vessel's function.
Single hull, Double bottom, and Double hull ship cross sections. Green lines are watertight; black structure is not watertight. A double hull is a ship hull design and construction method where the bottom and sides of the ship have two complete layers of watertight hull surface: one outer layer forming the normal hull of the ship, and a second inner hull which is some distance inboard ...
A sharp bow on a conventional hull form would produce waves and low drag like a bulbous bow, but waves coming from the side would strike it harder. The blunt bulbous bow also produces higher pressure in a large region in front, making the bow wave start earlier. [6] The addition of a bulb to a ship's hull increases its overall wetted area.
By the Athenian trireme era (500 BC), [1] the hull was strengthened by enclosing the bow behind the ram, forming a bulkhead compartment. Instead of using bulkheads to protect ships against rams, Greeks preferred to reinforce the hull with extra timber along the waterline, making larger ships almost resistant to ramming by smaller ones. [2]
A ship's hull endures harsh conditions at sea, as illustrated by this reefer ship in bad weather. For a ship to float, its weight must be less than that of the water displaced by the ship's hull. [95] There are many types of hulls, from logs lashed together to form a raft to the advanced hulls of America's Cup sailboats.
(However, large ships are almost always flat bottomed, having a suitably large draft to overcome the problems of small flat-bottomed boats). Displacement hulls: a displacement hull always remains partly submerged. Such a hull has a maximum "hull speed" which is a function of its waterline length.
The "turn of the bilge" is the transition from the bottom of a hull to the sides of a hull. Internally, the bilges (usually used in the plural in this context) is the lowest compartment on a ship or seaplane, on either side of the keel and (in a traditional wooden vessel) between the floors. [a] [1] The first known use of the word is from 1513. [2]