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The fluorescein is administered intravenously in intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) and orally in oral fluorescein angiography (OFA). The test is a dye tracing method. The fluorescein dye also reappears in the patient urine, causing the urine to appear darker, and sometimes orange. [2] It can also cause discolouration of the saliva.
Using this method a sequence of photographs can be produced that show the movement, and pooling of blood over time (“Phases”) as the dye passes through the retina and choroid. [14] Sodium Fluorescein Angiography (abbreviated SFA, FA or FAG) is used for the imaging of retinal vascular disease and utilises blue excitation light of ~490 nm and ...
The diagnosis is mainly clinical, however fundus fluorescein angiography shows that the streaks appear hyperfluorescent (window defect) in the early phase. [1] Indocyanine green angiography can also be used for diagnosing angioid streaks and their associated ocular pathologies. [6]
The most common angiographic techniques were fluorescein (FA) or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), which both involve the use of an injectable dye. Intravenous dye injection is time-consuming and can have adverse side effects.
PCV may be diagnosed during a routine dilated fundus examination by an ophthalmologist. [2] Fluorescein angiography, Indocyanine green angiography and Optical coherence tomography is also used to diagnose PCV. [2] Since it gives better imaging of choroidal structures, ICGA is more preferred. [3]
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein ...
Dilated fundus examination (DFE) is a diagnostic procedure that uses mydriatic eye drops to dilate or enlarge the pupil in order to obtain a better view of the fundus of the eye. [1] Once the pupil is dilated, examiners use ophthalmoscopy to view the eye's interior, which makes it easier to assess the retina , optic nerve head , blood vessels ...
Subretinal hemorrhages are diagnosed with a slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, dilated fundus examination, and intraocular pressure measurement. OCT, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and fundus photography are helpful to determine the location and depth of the hemorrhage. One should suspect abusive head trauma if a child ...