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The nature of orphanages means that they often fail to provide the individual sustained attention and stimulation a child would get from growing up within a family. In many cases the children living in them are at risk of harm. [37] There are also many reports of orphanages being abusive [33] [38] or having very high death rates. [39]
Hope and Homes for children then began to pioneer the deinstitutionalisation of orphanages and children's homes. By March 2024, the charity had closed 139 institutions in more than 20 countries, prevented over 288,000 children entering or re-entering institutions and had helped to change childcare systems. [8] [9]
The 2006 General Comment No.9 reports concern with the lack of adequate treatment provided, as well as increased vulnerability to institutional abuse and neglect. [5] In Russia, 400,000 to 600,000 children are under institutional care, and these children are subject to the concerns stated in the committee's report. [6]
Since other countries, like the Netherlands and Denmark, are closing their doors to inter-country adoption, more children who cannot be placed domestically will continue to languish in uncertainty.
The European countries included Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark. This was a major human rights violation by the military dictatorship as most of the Korean girls were not real orphans and had living biological parents but were given false papers to show that they were orphans and exported to white parents for money.
The number of orphanages has increased by 100% between 2002 and 2012 to 2,176. [2] Some of the reasons for children to end up in the orphanages are domestic abuse, parental substance abuse, having lost their parents, or being found alone on the streets. [4] As for those who are social orphans there are various reasons why they end up in orphanages.
In 1993, she moved to Romania to set up the first mother and baby unit in Bucharest, and since then she has pioneered a model of deinstitutionalisation which is now followed in many countries across Central and Eastern Europe. [2] Between 1993 and 2015, the number of children in Romanian orphanages has been reduced from 200,000 to 20,000. [3]
Worldwide, residential institutions like orphanages can often be detrimental to the psychological development of affected children. In countries where orphanages are no longer in use, the long-term care of unwarded children by the state has been transitioned to a domestic environment, with an emphasis on replicating a family home.