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In Marxist theory, false consciousness is a term describing the ways in which material, ideological, and institutional processes are said to mislead members of the proletariat and other class actors within capitalist societies, concealing the exploitation and inequality intrinsic to the social relations between classes. [1]
This specialized meaning comes from the term's root in the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For the critique of ideology, ideology is a form of false consciousness. Ideology is a lie about the real state of affairs in the world. In Raymond Williams's words, it is about "ideology as illusion, false consciousness, unreality, upside-down ...
Karl Marx [a] (German: [kaʁl ˈmaʁks]; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) ... Commodity fetishism provides an example of what Engels called "false consciousness", ...
In Lukács' words, the proletariat was the "subject–object of history", and the first class which could separate false consciousness (inherent to the bourgeois's consciousness), which reified economic laws as universal (whereas they are only a consequence of historic capitalism). [7] [8] [full citation needed] [non-primary source needed]
At most one could say that capitalists had more to hide, and that some had personal qualities enabling them to succeed in their function, while others lacked the personal prerequisites. According to Lukács, the character masks of the bourgeoisie express a "necessary false consciousness" about the class consciousness of the proletariat. [87]
Whereas Marx believed the working class would gain class consciousness as a result of its experience of exploitation, later orthodox Marxism, in particular as formulated by Vladimir Lenin, argued that the working class, by itself, could only develop "trade union consciousness", which Lenin characterized in What Is to Be Done? as "the conviction ...
Facts First: Trump’s claim that inflation is at an all-time high level is false. First, even when the inflation rate hit its Biden-era peak of 9.1% in June 2022 , that 9.1% rate was the highest ...
In Marxist theory, the Lumpenproletariat (German: [ˈlʊmpn̩pʁoletaʁi̯ˌaːt] ⓘ; / ˌ l ʌ m p ə n p r oʊ l ɪ ˈ t ɛər i ə t /) is the underclass devoid of class consciousness. [1] Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels coined the word in the 1840s and used it to refer to the unthinking lower strata of society exploited by reactionary and ...
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