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For example, discussion of the imaginary unit √ −1 might be an internal question framed in the language of complex numbers about the correct usage of √ −1, or it might be a question about the utility of complex numbers: whether there is any practical advantage in using √ −1. [1] Clearly the question of utility is not completely ...
The fallacy of division [1] is an informal fallacy that occurs when one reasons that something that is true for a whole must also be true of all or some of its parts. An example: The second grade in Jefferson Elementary eats a lot of ice cream; Carlos is a second-grader in Jefferson Elementary; Therefore, Carlos eats a lot of ice cream
These questions continue to receive much attention in the philosophy of science. A clear "yes" to the first question is a hallmark of the scientific realism perspective. Philosophers such as Bas van Fraassen have important and interesting answers to the second question.
The book has eight chapters and an epilogue with each chapter ending with a list of discussion questions and further readings. [1] [3] Chapter 1 briefly covers what Colyvan calls the "big isms" which dominated early 20th century philosophy of mathematics: logicism, formalism and intuitionism.
Metaphysics encompasses a wide range of general and abstract topics. It investigates the nature of existence, the features all entities have in common, and their division into categories of being. An influential division is between particulars and universals. Particulars are individual unique entities, like a specific apple.
Russell's Philosophy of Logical Atomism was originally published in full as a series of articles in the journal in 1918–19. After ceasing publication in 1936, the journal resumed publication in 1962 and has been continually published since then. Each issue contains papers on a single, pre-announced topic. A list of topics thus far is provided ...
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For example, Occam’s Razor is a methodological principle of theory selection favoring simple over complex theories. [5] [6] [7] A closely related aspect of philosophical methodology concerns the question of which conventions one needs to adopt necessarily to succeed at theory making. [5]