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Importantly, individuals can also differ not only in their current state, but in the magnitude or even direction of response to a given stimulus. [5] Such phenomena, often explained in terms of inverted-U response curves, place differential psychology at an important location in such endeavours as personalized medicine, in which diagnoses are customised for an individual's response profile.
These visible differences can arise due to a multitude of factors including but not limited to congenital conditions, accidents, diseases, or surgical procedures. Such differences often carry significant psychological, social, and sometimes physical implications for the affected individual. [2]
Selective breeding and the domestication of animals is perhaps the earliest evidence that humans considered the idea that individual differences in behaviour could be due to natural causes. [1] Plato and Aristotle each speculated on the basis and mechanisms of inheritance of behavioural characteristics. [2]
Interindividual differences in perception describes the effect that differences in brain structure or factors such as culture, upbringing and environment have on the perception of humans. Interindividual (differing from person to person) variability is usually regarded as a source of noise for research.
Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic thinking, feeling, and behavior patterns. [4] Every person has their own "individual differences in particular personality characteristics" [4] that separate them from others. The overall study of personality focuses on two broad areas: understanding individual differences in ...
The use of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to understand the neurobiological basis of personality and sociocognitive functioning involves assessing the relationship between individual differences in these factors and individual differences in measures of brain structure, such as gray matter volume, cortical thickness, or structural ...
Personality and Individual Differences is a peer-reviewed academic journal published 16 times per year by Elsevier. It was established in 1980 by Pergamon Press and is the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences.
In focusing on the causes of individual differences, behavioral genetics is distinct from evolutionary psychology, which tends to focus on human universals. Behavioral genetics has thus been associated strongly with the diathesis stress model of psychopathology as well as the nature/nurture debate.